Airlines and hotels price almost entirely on demand, not on cost of service. A room that sells for Β£280 a night in August can drop to Β£140 in November at the very same property, simply because fewer people are searching for those dates. The same logic applies to flights: airlines discount seats they'd otherwise fly empty, which is why off-peak fares to popular destinations are routinely 30-50% cheaper than the same route in high season.
The trade-off is usually smaller than travellers expect. Many destinations have a genuine shoulder season β a window just before or after peak that keeps most of the good weather while shedding most of the crowds and the price premium. Learning where that window falls for a specific destination, rather than assuming winter is always "off-season" everywhere, is the real skill behind this kind of trip planning.
